This type of agricultural activity, such as pig breeding, may well supply the family with meat all year round. The main rule is proper feeding. Of course, you can use ready-made compound feeds, but if you have all the valuable components, you can knead the feed mixture yourself. And today we will tell how to do this.

Feeding pigs with compound feed

Combined feed is a proportionate nutritional option for farm animals. It includes the optimal amount of mineral elements and vitamins, which creates the conditions for the normal development of the animal. However, a pig’s diet should also include raw and boiled vegetables, dietary supplements, and greens.

Important! When using feed, pigs should drink enough water.

Since pigs have a single-chamber stomach, it is recommended to use combined feeds to obtain high-quality meat, and juicy foods and green mass should be given less often.At the same time, compound feeds have their pros and cons.

• Benefits:
• providing good nutrition;
• the product does not have any harmful bacteria;
• ease of transportation and storage;
• there is no need for additional feeding;
• the output is excellent meat;
• fast weight gain.

• Disadvantages:
• risk of obesity (this can be avoided using dietary types);
• it is necessary to strictly comply with the norm, without going beyond the allowable amount;
• the uniformity of the diet does not reflect too well on the quality of life, a periodic change of food is required;
• compound feeds are not suitable for all breeds.

Important! In some pig species (e.g. Vietnamese), mixed feeds can upset digestion.

Composition of feed for pigs

Combined feed is a balanced food for animals: it consists of valuable nutrients, trace elements and vitamins. The composition of mixed products is determined by the state standard. According to the regulations, pork special feed includes 7-12 components, as well as additional ingredients that each producer adds to his discretion.As additional components, such drugs are used:

• premix;
• feed chalk;
• food yeast, etc.

Boars, pigs and offspring and piglets need different amounts of proteins and minerals, i.e., different compounds are needed for each category.

For adults

Fermented feed for mature pigs will be considered complete if its composition looks like this (in percent):

• barley - 27;
• oats - 26;
• grass meal (alfalfa) - 18;
• meat and bone powder - 16;
• sunflower waste - 9;
• food chalk - 2;
• salt - 1.

Components in feed mixtures can be stationary, only their concentration will change. Qualitative characteristics of special feeds do not suffer.

For young

Consider what pig food is made of. So, special foods for babies up to 90 days include the following ingredients (in%):

• barley flour - 47;
• milk powder - 21;
• bean powder - 15.3;
• fish powder - 4;
• premixes - 3.78;
• animal fats - 3.5;
• sucrose - 2.4;
• yeast for animals - 1.5;
• calcium carbonate - 0.5.

For pigs up to 2 months, the concentration of milk powder is reduced to 9.3% and corn powder and bran are introduced into the feed mixture, while reducing the portion of barley and legumes.

Important! Premix content is not recommended to be reduced below 2.57%.

Views

Today, several varieties of combined feed are produced, which are different in their form, purpose and other indicators.

According to the form of release

According to the external form of feed, they are dry, powdery and granular.

Loose

Such food, according to professionals, is best used in pigsties with a good ventilation system. And to the place of feeding the piglets, it should be fed with a sealed structure to special closing feeders.

Granulated

Pellets are the most acceptable variant of special food, because in the production of such a product all fungi that are capable of producing toxins are destroyed. In addition, the quality of such combined feed is many times higher than dry.

By appointment

According to the function performed, mixed feeds are of two types: full-grade (PC) and concentrated (CC).

Full-fledged

Balanced feed, which in its composition has all the necessary elements for proper nutrition of pigs. It is an independent full-fledged feed product and does not require auxiliary feeding.

Did you know? Wild boars can feed on carrion (small birds and mammals), also they are consume worms and insects.

As a rule, complete feeds are labeled “PK 5X-X” or “SK X”, where X is the number that determines the purpose of a particular drug and its composition.

They are used both in pure form and in the form of mixtures, in a certain ratio to the main feed.

Concentrated

Often such feeds are called BMVD (protein-mineral vitamin supplements), since the bulk of them are proteins, vitamin components and minerals. Used in mixers to enrich mixed feeds and grain mixtures, cooked with your own hands.

Consumption rates

The amount of feed consumed should be strictly measured. If the pigs are given too much food, then obesity will occur, which affects the quality of the meat. To calculate how much to give the pigs food, take into account the age, weight, gender and variety of the animal. It is on these parameters that the norms of nutrition are painted.

Piglets under the age of two months are considered to be dairy. Here's how many special foods a piglet normally eats per day:

• 1-14 days - 25 g;
• 15-60 days - 350 g;
• two-month-old piglet - 850 g.

The next stage in the life of a pig is called the growing phase - these are pigs at the age of 2–4 months. The daily dose for such babies is:

• 3 months - 1050 g;
• 4 months - 1550

The next period is the fattening phase. These pigs include representatives weighing up to a centner and up to eight months old. Calculation of food per day for this category looks like this:

• up to 5 months - 2250 g;
• half a year - 2550 g;
• 7 months - 3200 g;
• 8 months - 3300–3400 g.

Important! With incorrect calculation of feed for pigs, the digestive system is disturbed.

The feed volumes in the distribution by category look like this:

• 21–40 days - 10–11 kg;
• 41-60 days - 23-24 kg;
• 61–90 days - 53–54 kg;
• 91–120 days - 69–70 kg;
• 121-150 days - 82–83 kg;
• 151–180 days - 93–94 kg.

Experienced pig farmers before slaughter remove from the diet of pigs cake, soy and oats.Growing up animals per day will need this amount of mixed product:

• pigs for slaughter - 3 kg;
• pigs for offspring - 3 kg;
• during lactation - 3-4 kg.

It is worth noting that the consumption rates of each feed mixture depend not only on the age and purpose of the pig, but also on the producer. Each on a separate product indicates the rate per day. For example, in order to grow a pig, Soyuzpischeprom offers the following dosage:

Did you know? For good growth, piglets obtained from crossbreeding will be the best option.

Provimi produces such feed mixtures for pigs with the following dosage:

As you can see, the consumption of special feed per head depends on the brand of the product.Therefore, when choosing feed mixtures, it should be borne in mind that for a healthy state and preservation of the productive functions and productivity of pigs (greasy, meat-and-meat, meat, for reproduction), they must contain the necessary amount of nutrient components. It is also important to maintain a balanced diet so that the animal receives the required amount of mineral components and vitamins per day.

Did you know? The judgment that the pigs were dirty was mistaken. They will never defecate where they eat. And the famous bathing in the mud is just a hygienic procedure: in this way the pig is saved from parasites.

With the right choice of norms, they get a good, quick gain and quality meat. At the same time, it is taken into account that if the weight gain of adult individuals falls below 500 g per day, their cultivation will already be unprofitable, that is, the pigs will either stop fattening and put to slaughter, or they revise the norms and choose a new special feed and its consumption.

The best feed manufacturers

All agricultural producers must adhere to established standards that govern such parameters:

1. Nutritional value. Control the composition of digestible fiber, protein and the amount of feed units.
2. Mineral set. The presence in the mixture of sodium, potassium, phosphorus.
3. The amount of grinding. Feed can be produced in coarse, fine and medium grinding.
4. The size of the granules. Acceptable granulate size for rapid animal growth is 10 mm. For small pigs, just weaned from the sow, - 8 mm.

Today, many companies, both domestic and foreign, offer special feeds on the market. Each of them has its own classification, consumption rate and recipes. The most popular are:

• TM "Provimi" - a foreign company specializing in the production of agricultural products;
• LLC "Union Soyuzpishcheprom" - An organization from the Russian Federation.

Not so long ago, Provimi released an updated line of Purin mixes. As a standard, the company includes the following elements in its feed composition:

• enzyme complex;
• soy protein;
• antibiotic;
• acidifier;
• immunomodulator;
• heat treated grain;
• antioxidant;
• milk products;
• growth stimulants;
• animal components;
• mineral and vitamin supplements.

The updated version of the feed, in contrast to previous versions, does not accommodate animals and milk feed. Today Purina consists of the following components:

• soybeans and meal;
• methionine;
• ENZIM phytase;
• L-lysine;
• wheat, oats, corn;
• antioxidants and aroma additives;
• vitamins and minerals.

Important! ENZIM phytase is an indispensable element that helps to break down phytic acid, stimulates weight gain, and improves digestion.

In addition, "Purina" practically does not contain synthetic components.

Russian manufacturers are also not far behind their American competitor. Products are of high quality and reasonable price. In their assortment there are compound feeds, which not only are not inferior in quality characteristics, but even surpass them:

1. SK-8. Complete feed mixture for pigs of the second feeding period. It contains enough protein, but is enriched with protein. Suitable for sebaceous and meat-fatty animals. The optimal amount contains mineral and vitamin components and does not include hormones, growth stimulants, antibiotics and GMOs. Based on barley, wheat, a by-product of plant crops and oilcake.
2. KK-55. Granular feed mixture containing feed barley and wheat, fodder meal, meat and bone meal (30%), sunflower meal (36%), salt and edible lime, monocalcium phosphate. Crude protein content is 16%. The feed is designed for raising animals to fatty conditions. An additional advantage the manufacturer considers the lack of antibiotics.
3. PK-55 beam. Ground meat feed. It contains the maximum amount of nutrients, minerals and vitamins that help maintain good health and good production. The composition also contains flavorings.

Did you know? The recipe of the best manufacturers is present in the popular game FS 17, in which everyone can feel like a farmer without leaving a cozy chair.

How to make DIY feed for pigs

As we have already found out, for good returns, pigs should be fed compound feed. But the farmer always has a choice: buy a finished product or make it with his own hands. A more cost-effective option, of course, would be the second. Having obtained all the ingredients and knowing the recipe, you can turn pig farming into a profitable business.

Ingredients and Proportions

The best feeds are considered, the foundation of which is grain crops. It, like other large elements, is crushed. In general, the consistency should be porridge.

Important! For sows, food is prepared with one type of moderate grinding cereal.

In general, mixed feeds for fattening adult pigs should include the following components:

• barley - 300-400 g;
• oats - 250-300 g;
• alfalfa flour - 120–160 g;
• meat and bone powder - 110–120 g;
• sunflower meal - 70–80 g;
• chalk - 1 tbsp. spoon (20 g);
• salt - ½ tbsp. tablespoons (10 g).

Young piglets are given special feeds only in fine-grained or granular form. The consistency of the finished product is similar to a sticky porridge.To produce a dry product for piglets, the following components are taken:

• barley - 1000 g;
• edible fat - 90-100 g or lard fat - 40 g;
• feed yeast - 90-100 g;
• chalk - 15 g;
• salt - 5 g.

Regardless of whether the food is prepared on its own or bought, adherence to proportions is the key to proper development, the corresponding growth and productivity of pigs.

Step-by-step cooking instructions

The general scheme for mixing feed for both sows and gilts looks like this:

1. All grain components are thoroughly washed and dried naturally (in the sun, indoors).
2. Grind the grain with a grain mill and add other ingredients. All mix well.
3. Heated water is added to the mixture and the mass is adjusted to the density of the dough.
4. The resulting material is passed through an extruder.
5. Finished granules are dried.

Did you know? In certain religions, pork is prohibited. One of the legends says that when God favored God, the pig was lying sideways in the mud, but which ones are unknown to anyone, so it’s better not to use it at all.

So you can get granular feed, which is no different from an industrial product.

How to feed pigs with compound feed

The nutritional pattern, as well as the consistency, is different for adult pigs and babies. And if the ingredients that make up the feed mixtures are almost similar, then the diet itself has differences.

Young piglets

Feeding piglets requires a special approach. The mixture may be of different consistencies:

1. Liquid. 3 parts of feed are bred in 1 part of water.
2. Thick. 2.5 parts of the feed are diluted with 1 part of water.
3. Gruel. The proportion of feed to water is 2: 1.
4. Grueling porridge. 1 part water is added to 1.5 parts feed.
5. Wet placer. The liquid and feed mixture are taken in equal proportions.
6. Dry placer. 1 part feed to ½ part water.

For small piglets, a wet mash or thick porridge is best suited. You should not steam or cook the grain component - it loses the bulk of the nutrients. Food temperature should be around + 30–35 ° C.You can mix carrots, peas, bread products, potatoes, beets in the feed. The liquid is added immediately before feeding, otherwise the food can go bad and cause an upset stomach.

Adults

Growing pigs are fed depending on the norms of their weight and intensity of use (meat conditions, producers, sows). The basis of the diet (at least 70%) should be easily digestible feed.

Important! Diet also depends on the time of year.

As additional products, you can give bran, vegetables, bio-feed, grass meal, corn and barley chips. Boars-producers must be given millet (25% of the diet), skim milk and animal products. Regarding the question “Do I need to feed the males more often”, experienced pig farmers argue that it is better to feed boars twice a day.

Pregnant sows are fed according to age and gestation period. At this time, in addition to feed, they are given greens, potatoes, bean hay, and mineral additives.

Video: How and what to feed pigs

Today we introduced you to mixed feeds of industrial production and told how to prepare feed mixtures yourself. Each pig farmer has the right to decide which option to use. It does not matter which method is chosen, the main thing is to understand the importance and content of each component.